In 2014 Women kept disappearing.

If you're not already familiar with the Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film from San Diego State University you should be. They do annual reports of the representation of women in front of and behind the camera.

In 2014 among the top 100 grossing movies 
Women represent 12% of the protagonists. The number of women who were represented as major characters and speaking characters were the same as last year,  both figures were about 30%. A staggering 74% of all women characters were white. 

If you further read the study there are interesting statistics regarding the decrease of female characters from their 30's to 40's compared to the increase of male characters in the same age range. There are also statistics regarding the role of women in leadership positions, whether their marital status is known, and whether they were identified via a work related role (ie, doctor, lawyer) vs a personal role (ie, mother, sister.) It's a pretty clear analysis of the ways in which women are marginalized on film.

Their study for the role of women behind the camera looked at the top 250 domestic grossing films in 2014. 
Specifically they looked at the roles of directors, writers, producers, executive producers, editors, and cinematographers.

"38% of films employed 0 or 1 woman in the roles considered. 23% of films employed 2 women, 29% employed 3 to 5 women, 7% employed 6 to 9 women, and 3% employed 10 to 14 women. In contrast, no films employed 0 or 1 man in the roles considered, and 69% employed 10 to 27 men."

A whopping 93% of films had no female director, and 79% of the films had no female writer.

The figures for women working as cinematographers or composers? Even more depressing.

Women looking to work in these industries should see these figures as empowering. Awareness can change views. These are opportunities for women to break into these new markets. It might be a challenge to find someone out of the ordinary for roles in front of and behind the camera, but we need unique voices to keep movies alive.

Some fantastic films came out this year that told the stories of women, and by women including The Hunger Games, Wild, Maleficent, Selma, Cake, Gone Girl, Camp X Ray, Obvious Child, and more. If you want more films like those, get out there and make those movies.

• It's a Man's (Celluloid) World: On-Screen Representation of Female Characters in 2014
• Celluloid Ceiling: Behind the Scenes Employment in 2014
• The Hollywood Reporter - Major Film Roles for Women drop in 2014

87th Annual Academy Awards - The One Where They Forgot about Women

This week the prestigious annual Oscar nominations were revealed for the 2014 year in film.

In the past, there has been commentary about the quality of roles for women, and the lack of representation for women in the writing and directing categories. The awards have always been drama-heavy, almost creating it's own genre of Christmas released biopics. If we are being honest about what happens behind the curtain, then we can be honest about the way studios intentionally create "Oscar-dramas" then campaign to leverage wins. Thank Harvey Weinstein for that.

Last year was fortunate to have women nominated for writing, and Jennifer Lee won for her role writing and directing the animated feature Frozen. Several of the Best Picture nominees, like Her and Gravity actively featured women. A few years ago Katheryn Bigelow even won for Best Director. Against men! I know, pick your jaw up off the floor.

Unfortunately this year's crop are some of the least diverse awards in years. The writing categories snubbed some of this years talent, like Gillian Flynn's Gone Girl, and Ava DuVernay and Paul Webb for Selma. Ava DuVernay was also ignored in the Best Director category. This Martin Luther King Jr. Biopic should be the kind of film the Academy falls in love with, like last year's 12 Years a Slave (Best Picture Winner). Instead the general notion is that Selma was snubbed, only being nominated for Best Picture and Best Original Song. Although not as favorited as Selma, some felt Angelina Jolie was deserving of a Best Director nomination for Unbroken. 

Best Picture

American Sniper

Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)

Boyhood

The Grand Budapest Hotel

The Imitation Game

Selma

The Theory of Everything

Whiplash

Achievement in Directing

Alejandro G. Inarritu - Birdman

Bennett Miller - Foxcatcher

Morten Tyldum - The Imitation Game

Richard Linklater - Boyhood

Wes Anderson - The Grand Budapest Hotel

In the Acting categories we saw Jennifer Aniston get overlooked for her groundbreaking role in Cake. She's an actress I often dismiss for the "Rachel" typecast, but Cake turns her into a broken down, suicidal woman dealing with chronic pain. Both Amy Adams for Big Eyes and Emily Blunt for Into The Woods were considered front runners early on that got overlooked. While Julianne Moore and Marion Cotillard gave excellent performances, to be blunt, no one saw them. It's hard to get excited about a movie that didn't even make it to theaters. For a comparison, 4/5 of the Best Actor nominees were from Best Picture nominated movies. 1/5 of the Best Actress nominees were. 

Actress in a leading Role

Felicity Jones (The Theory of Everything)

Julianne Moore (Still Alice)

Marion Cotillard (Two Days, One Night)

Reese Witherspoon (Wild)

Rosamund Pike (Gone Girl)

Actress in a Supporting Role

Emma Stone (Birdman)

Keira Knightley (The Imitation Game)

Laura Dern (Wild)

Meryl Streep (Into the Woods)

Patricia Arquette (Boyhood)

While Rosamund Pike picked up a Best Actress nom for Gone Girl the film was snubbed in all other categories. Similarly, Wild picked up acting nominations for Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern, but nothing else. Both films should have been contenders for Best Picture. Interestingly, both films were produced by Witherspoon's newly founded production company Pacific Standard. Perhaps the takaway for her is that good movies aren't enough, political lobbying is needed for the win.

Adapted Screenplay

American Sniper (Jason Hall)

The Imitation Game (Graham Moore)

Inherent Vice (Paul Thomas Anderson)

The Theory of Everything (Anthony McCarten)

Whiplash (Damien Chazelle)

Original Screenplay

Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (Alejandro G. Iñárritu, Nicolás Giacobone, Alexander Dinelaris, Jr. & Armando Bo)

Boyhood (Richard Linklater)

Foxcatcher (E. Max Frye and Dan Futterman)

The Grand Budapest Hotel (Wes Anderson)

Nightcrawler (Dan Gilroy)

Even Less Women Working on Indie Films

Even though Fempire Movie Club has been promoting women's roles behind the camera for a whole 4 months now, it seems we still have an uphill battle.

The biggest and best source of accurate information regarding women in the film and television workplace is The Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film from San Diego State University. For over a decade they have been tracking the jobs women have in the industry. Almost every time you hear about statistics regarding the jobs women get it's usually citing one of their annual reports. In fact, you'll probably read another dozen or so articles using their statistics from us. We think they do fantastic work.

As reported by several media outlets including The Wrap (link below) The Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film released their annual report titled Independent Women: Behind-the-Scenes Employment on Festival Films in 2013-14. The report looks at the representation of women working in key roles in the top 23 film festivals in the USA.

Things are doing ok over all this year (2013-14) with the percentage of women working behind the scenes remaining at 26%, the same as last year. This number has slowly been rising from the 24% in 2008-09, but let's be honest, hovering around the 1/4 mark isn't exactly stellar to begin with.

Since our focus on this blog is particularly on writers and directors, lets analyze those roles.

The overall number of women directors is down from 29%  in 2011-12 to 23% this past year. It's interesting to note that this is a combination of narrative film and documentary film. Women directors have had much more success in documentaries accounting for 39% of docu directors in 2011-12. Shockingly, this year women account for only 28% of docu directors - a major backslide. In narrative film, women directors hold steady at an 18% representation, the same as two years ago. In 2008-09, that figure was 15%. Perhaps this is a slow climb, but it would be nice to see representation of female directors in narrative films push beyond 20%.

As for women writers, this year saw 22% overall, up 3% from 5 years ago but still a small backslide from the 2011-12 figures that showed women writers at 24% overall. Similar to the statistics of women directors, women have typically had better showing in documentaries. Two years ago, women made up 32% of docu writers, this year they only accounted for 23%

Again, similar to women directors, the number of women writers in narrative film has been slowly climbing. This year, women writers held steady at 21%, a slight rise from the 15% that was reported in 2008-09.

It might be worth noting that in all areas, women producers gained a lot of ground. Producers and executive producers are the only areas where women maintained their presence in the indie film industry. Across the board, cinematographers and editors lost ground in representation.

At the end of the day, perhaps a micro view of the film industry year to year isn't a significant source of information. Nit picking year to year may or may not reveal trends. However, it's important to realize that this is 2014 and these are pathetic numbers. Women have been involved in these very key roles behind the scenes in the film industry since the inception of cinema.

This article doesn't examine the top big budget movies, these are the indies. Certainly some of these festivals will host films made and sold to major production companies, but in general, this is where small time movie makers prove their worth. If women aren't picking up jobs here, they aren't going to get them in bigger budget productions down the line. These numbers might be small, but they are huge compared to the number of women doing these jobs for studio productions.

Whatever the barriers are that prevent women from picking up that camera and making their own movies, we need to get past it. If you have a story to tell, tell it. You may never see another women doing the job you do behind the scenes but that's no reason not to do it. Push through and inspire someone else.

The Wrap: Women Directors and Writers Lose Ground in Indie Films as Numbers Decline